Fix It

The new generation of the Volkswagen Passat was first introduced in 1998 on the North American market. The vehicle shares the same platform as the Audi A4 and features a 1.8L Turbo engine that has an output of 168-brake horsepower and 225 foot-pounds of torque. The timing belt is a crucial part in every engine and requires service and replacement if it fails.

Instructions

Removal

1

Bring the lock carrier into service position. Remove the tensioning element for the ribbed belt and the upper timing-belt guard. Mark the direction of rotation of the toothed belt.

2

Adjust the camshaft to top dead center (TDC) at the first cylinder. Remove the harmonic balancer/belt pulley. Take out the lower- and center-toothed belt guard.

3

Thread the T10092 tensioning bolt into the tensioning device for the toothed belt. If necessary, align the pressure piston before tensioning, using needle-nosed pliers or a thin wire (the hole in pressure piston and hole in housing must overlap). Tighten the pressure piston only far enough so that the pressure piston can be secured using a T40001 pin.

4

Insert a V.A.G 1331 hex torque wrench into the hex socket, and torque the tensioning roller nut in counter-clockwise direction with uniform non-excessive force until the toothed belt can be aligned with the mark on the cylinder block. Use the T10008 locking plate to lock in place the roller. To loosen toothed belt, loosen the nut of the tensioning roller by turning the wrench in the clockwise direction. Remove the timing belt and then turn crankshaft back slightly.

Installation

5

Align marks on the camshaft gear and the cylinder head cover. Pistons must not be positioned in top dead center (TDC) position. Install the timing belt on the crankshaft gear (note the direction of rotation). Install the lower timing belt guard.

6

Install harmonic balancer/belt pulley using new bolts. Tighten the bolts applying 7 foot-pounds of torque, plus an additional 1/4 turn. Rotate the crankshaft until the first cylinder is in the top dead center (TDC) position. Install the timing belt in the specific order. First, position the belt on the coolant pump, and then on the tensioning roller and, finally, on the camshaft gear.

7

Tension the timing belt by pulling out the T40001 pin and unbolting the T10092 tensioning bolt. The engine shouldnt be more than hand warm. If the timing belt tensioning device is completely extended, it must be pressed back in the installed position with the tensioning roller. This procedure can take up to five minutes. Excessive force during compression can damage the tensioning roller.

8

Turn the 3387-pin wrench in counter-clockwise direction until the T10008 locking plate can be removed without tension. Turn the pin wrench clockwise until a drill bit can be pulled through the tensioning lever and the housing of the tensioning device. Hold the tensioning roller in this position and tighten the securing nut of the tensioning roller, as you apply 20 foot-pounds of torque. Turn the crankshaft two rotations and check whether the camshaft and crankshaft marks align with their erence points.

9

Install the timing belt guard, the center and upper part. Install the tensioning device for the ribbed belt. Tighten it to 19 foot-pounds. Install the ribbed belt.

Combustion engines rely on good timing to run their best. Power, fuel efficiency and emissions can be controlled simply by adjusting the ignition timing. Late-model engine technicians will set your timing when the engine is warm but there is another way. Learn how to set ignition timing on a cold engine if you cant get the engine to start and run correctly in the first place.

Instructions

1

Turn the engine over using the current ignition setting. Listen to the engine as it tries to start. Confirm that you have enough battery power to start the engine and sufficient fuel entering the engine.

2

Locate the distributor. Find the retaining bolt at the base of the distributor where it enters the engine and loosen this retaining bolt so you can turn the distributor by hand clockwise or counterclockwise.

3

Turn the distributor counterclockwise 1/2 inch with your hand. Turn the engine over again to start. Feed the engine fuel by continuously pressing and depressing the gas pedal as needed if the engine starts but runs poorly. Remove your foot from the gas pedal to see if it will idle without your help. (Continue to step 5 if the engine starts and idles.)

4

Listen to the engine as it tries to start. You will notice a difference in the way the engine is trying to fire. Stop turning the engine over and go back to the distributor. Turn the distributor by hand clockwise 1 inch. This will be the opposite move in timing from the previous counterclockwise adjustment. Adjusting the timing one way or the other will correct timing issues that stop a car from starting. Repeat until you set the timing closely enough to start the engine.

5

Adjust timing by hand when the engine is at idle. With the engine running, you will hear the rpm increase and the engine will run smoothly when you move the distributor in the right direction to the correct timing. Go past good timing and the power loss returns and the engine may stall. Set the timing by ear and then tighten the distributor retaining bolt to keep the correct timing adjustment.

The 22R-E engine appears in several Toyota vehicles with front-wheel drive from 1983 to 1995. This engine designation indicates the engine is the 22nd generation in the R engine family and has electronic fuel injection. The Toyota 22RE engine uses a metal timing chain to keep the crankshaft synchronized with the camshaft. The most critical part of this procedure is aligning the timing chain when you install it on the crankshaft and camshaft sprockets.

Instructions

1

Disconnect the cylinder head bolts with a socket wrench. Insert a pry bar under each end of the cylinder head, and caully pry it away from the engine block. Lift the cylinder head off the mounting dowels, and remove it from the vehicle. Discard the cylinder head gasket, and remove any traces of the cylinder head gasket from the engine block with a gasket scraper.

2

Place a container under the radiator, and open the drain hole to drain the coolant from the radiator into the container. Replace the drain plug, and store the coolant for later use. Remove the mounting bolts from the radiator with a socket wrench, and detach the radiator from the vehicle.

3

Disconnect the oil pan with a socket wrench. Detach the drive belt for the power steering pumps and air conditioning compressor from their respective pulleys, if your vehicle is so equipped. Remove the drive belt for the water pump. Disconnect the cooling fan and its clutch from the engine.

4

Make matching marks on the crankshaft pulley and the crankshaft to ensure you can correctly install the pulley later. Hold the crankshaft in place with a counter-holding bar, and remove the central mounting bolt on the crankshaft pulley with a socket wrench. Detach the pulley from the crankshaft with a gear puller.

5

Disconnect the water bypass pipe from the engine block, and remove the adjusting bar for the cooling fan belt. Remove the bracket for the power steering pump with a socket wrench, if your vehicle is so equipped. Disconnect the water outlet hose from the engine.

6

Remove the mounting bolts from the cover for the timing chain with a socket wrench, and disconnect the cover. Detach the timing chain from the crankshaft sprocket, and remove the timing chain from the camshaft with the camshaft sprocket still attached. Remove the timing chain and camshaft sprocket from the vehicle. Detach the splines for the oil pump and the crankshaft sprocket from the crankshaft.

7

Rotate the crankshaft so that its key points straight up, and slide the crankshaft sprocket onto the crankshaft. Mount the new timing chain to the crankshaft sprocket so the single bright link on the new timing chain aligns with the timing mark on the crankshaft sprocket. Mount the new timing chain to the camshaft sprocket so the link between the two bright links on the timing chain aligns with the timing mark on the camshaft sprocket.

8

Turn the camshaft sprocket counterclockwise by hand to take up the slack in the timing chain. Connect the splines for the oil pump onto the crankshaft with a bearing installing tool. Install new gaskets for the timing chain cover, and place the cover into position. Tighten the 8mm mounting bolts on the timing chain cover to 9 foot-pounds with a torque wrench. Tighten the 10 mm mounting bolts to 29 foot-pounds.

9

Connect the alternator adjusting bar to the timing chain cover, and tighten its mounting bolts to 9 foot-pounds with a torque wrench. Attach the water outlet pipe from the heater to the engine. Mount the crankshaft pulley to the crankshaft, using the marks you made in step four as a guide. Hold the pulley in place with the counter-holding tool, and tighten the central mounting bolt for the crankshaft pulley to 116 foot-pounds.

10

Attach the drive belt for the air conditioning unit, if your vehicle is so equipped. Connect the pulley for the water pump with a socket wrench. Install the air conditioning bracket and compressor if you removed them earlier. Connect the belt for the power steering pump, if your vehicle is so equipped. Install the oil pan.

11

Install the radiator, and ill it with coolant. Replace the cylinder head.

A timing light uses a strobe flash to determine the ignition timing of a car, which is the frequency of spark plugs firing. The timing light illuminates marks that the car manufacturer has placed on the engines crankshaft pulley or flywheel. The position of the marks when the engine is running indicates the timing of the spark in relation to piston position. The Equus Xenon, also called the Innova, uses a xenon bulb to read settings and connects to the spark plug with an inductive pickup. While timing analysis can be performed at home, a repair manual for the vehicle make and model is necessary to determine if the timing is set correctly.

Instructions

1

Locate the timing mark and erence pointer, which are typically located on the crankshaft pulley, vibration damper or on the flywheel. Make sure the timing mark and pointer are clean and visible, using chalk to define the marks if necessary.

2

Connect the timing light battery clips to the vehicle battery, placing the red clip on the positive (+) battery terminal and the black clip on the negative terminal. Attach one end of the supplied inductive pickup leads to the bottom of the timing light handle and the other part to the number one spark plug cable.

3

Start the engine and run it until normal operating temperature is reached. Turn on the timing light by pressing the "On/Off" switch, and the timing light will begin flashing. Adjust the timing light barrel to direct the light toward the timing marks.

4

Note the position of the rotating timing mark in relation to the erence pointer. If the readings are within the range advised in the vehicles repair manual, the ignition timing is correct. If the timing reading is not in range, an adjustment or part replacement may be necessary

5

Press the "On/"Off switch to turn the light off after use, then turn the car engine off and remove the battery clips.

The 22RE engine is a four-cylinder 2.4-liter engine that Toyota manufactured from 1983 to 1995. It appears in a variety of Toyota vehicles during this period, such as the Toyota Pickup. The 22RE has a single overhead camshaft, and uses a timing chain to connect the crankshaft with the camshaft. The procedure for replacing the timing chain for a 22RE is generally the same for all vehicles from 1983 to 1988.

Instructions

1

Disconnect the cylinder head with a socket wrench. Drain the coolant from the radiator, and store it for later use. Remove the radiator from the vehicle.

2

Remove the alternator from the engine with a socket wrench. Disconnect the oil pan. Remove the mounting bolts, drive belt and hoses from the air pump, if your vehicle is so equipped. Disconnect the air pump and its bracket from the engine.

3

Disconnect the water pump assembly and cooling fan from the vehicle with a socket wrench. Remove the mounting bolt for the crankshaft pulley, and detach the pulley with a gear puller.

4

Disconnect the water bypass line and the fan belt adjusting bar. Detach the outlet line from the heater. Remove the mounting bolts for the timing chain cover with a socket wrench, and disconnect the cover.

5

Detach the timing chain from the damper of the camshaft, and detach the timing chain from the camshaft sprocket. Remove the camshaft sprocket from the camshaft. Pull the crankshaft sprocket from the crankshaft. Disconnect the spline for the oil pump from the crankshaft.

6

Rotate the crankshaft clockwise until the key on the crankshaft points straight up, and mount the crankshaft sprocket onto the crankshaft. Place the new timing chain on the crankshaft sprocket, and align the single bright link on the timing chain with the crankshaft sprockets timing mark.

7

Place the timing chain on the camshaft sprocket. Mount the camshaft sprocket to the camshaft so that the camshafts timing mark is between the two bright links on the timing chain.

8

Install the oil pump spline to the crankshaft. Mount the timing chain gasket to the engine block, and take up the slack in the timing chain by turning the camshaft sprocket counterclockwise with a socket wrench.

9

Connect the timing chain cover, and use a torque wrench to tighten the 8mm bolts to 9 foot-pounds. Torque the 10mm mounting bolts to 29 foot-pounds. Coat the gaskets for the timing chain cover and oil pan with sealer. Connect the fan belt adjusting bar, and tighten its bolt to 9 foot-pounds.

10

Attach the water bypass line. Mount the pulley onto the crankshaft, and tighten the mounting bolt. Connect the water pump and compressor for the air conditioner with a socket wrench. Install the oil pan, radiator and cylinder head in that order.

11

Replace the oil and coolant to their proper levels. Start the vehicle and check for fluid leaks.

The Chevrolet Aveo is a subcompact car manufactured by GM Daewoo since 2002 and marketed under the Chevrolet brand. The most common engine for the Chevrolet Aveo in the United States is a four-cylinder, 1.6-liter engine with a double overhead camshaft. The timing belt on this vehicle synchronizes the rotation of the crankshaft with the rotation of the camshafts. The most important part of the timing belt installation process is keeping the crankshaft and camshafts properly aligned during the procedure.

Instructions

1

Remove the cable from the negative battery terminal with a socket wrench. Disconnect the front cover for the timing belt and remove the mounting bolts for the power steering pump if your vehicle is so equipped.

2

Place a socket wrench on the crankshaft bolt and turn the crankshaft clockwise. Align the timing mark on the crankshaft gear with the timing mark on the rear cover of the timing belt.

3

Loosen the retaining bolts on the water pump slightly. Turn the water pump counterclockwise with Special Tool J-42492-A to relieve the tension on the timing belt. Detach the timing belt from its gears.

4

Disconnect the cover for the engine with a socket wrench and detach the electrical wiring from the spark plugs. Remove the crankcase ventilation tubes and camshaft position sensor from the valve cover. Disconnect the valve cover and its gasket.

5

Hold the intake camshaft in place and remove the mounting bolt for the intake camshaft gear with a socket wrench. Disconnect the camshaft gear from the intake camshaft. Remove the camshaft gear for the exhaust camshaft in the same manner.

6

Install the camshaft gear for the intake camshaft while holding the camshaft in place. Tighten the mounting bolt for the camshaft gear to 49 foot-pounds with a torque wrench. Install the camshaft gear for the exhaust camshaft in the same manner.

7

Replace the valve cover and its gasket with a socket wrench. Attach the camshaft position sensor and crankshaft ventilation tube to the valve cover. Connect the electrical wiring for the spark plugs and attach the engine cover.

8

Turn the crankshaft clockwise to align the timing marks for the crankshaft and camshafts. Place the new timing belt onto the gears.

9

Turn the water pump clockwise with Special Tool J-42492-A to align the adjusting arm of the timing belt tensioner with the notch on the tensioner bracket. Tighten the retaining bolts for the water pump with a socket wrench.

10

Turn the crankshaft two complete turns clockwise with a socket wrench, and align the timing marks for the crankshaft and camshaft again. Repeat Step 9 and tighten the retaining bolts for the water pump to 89 inch-pounds with a torque wrench.

11

Install the mounting bolts for the power steering pump with a socket wrench and replace the front cover for the timing belt. Attach the cable for the negative terminal of the battery.

The timing chain on a 3.1L Buick engine turns the crankshaft in synchronization to the camshaft rotation. This engine is known for its reliability, but after tens of thousands of miles the timing chain can simply stretch and fail. This can seriously damage the engine and affect performance. Plan accordingly, as the timing chain replacement procedure can require a good part of a day.

Instructions

1

Remove the engine front cover. Rotate the crankshaft until the timing marks are aligned with the crankshaft sprocket, camshaft sprocket locator hole and the engine block. The number one cylinder should be at top dead center (TDC).

2

Unscrew the camshaft sprocket bolt. Remove the camshaft sprocket and the timing chain. Remove the timing chain. Use a crankshaft sprocket remover to remove the crankshaft sprocket. Remove the timing chain dampener bolts. Remove the timing chain dampener.

3

Replace the timing chain. Install the crankshaft sprocket using a crankshaft sprocket installer. Apply GM EOS P/N 1052367 or equivalent to the sprocket thrust surface. Install the timing chain dampener to the block. Tighten the timing chain dampener bolts to 15 foot-pounds.

4

Align the crankshaft timing mark to the timing mark on the bottom of the chain dampener. Hold the camshaft sprocket with the chain hanging down and install the chain to the crankshaft gear. Align the timing mark on the camshaft gear (center line of the locator hole) with the timing mark on the top of the chain damper.

5

Remove the Crankshaft Sprocket Installer. Align the dowel in the camshaft with the dowel hole in the camshaft sprocket. Draw the camshaft sprocket onto the camshaft using the mounting bolt. Coat the crankshaft and camshaft sprocket with engine oil. Install the camshaft sprocket bolt. Tighten the bolt to 81 foot-pounds. Install the engine front cover.

The 1MZ-FE is a six-cylinder 3.0-liter engine with a dual overhead camshaft. Toyota made the engine from 1994 to 2006 and appears in a variety of Toyota vehicles from that period, such as the Camry. The 1MZ-FE uses a timing belt to keep the camshaft synchronized with the crankshafts. A timing belt is quieter than a timing chain but it also requires replacement at regular intervals, typically at least 60,000 miles.

Instructions

1

Disconnect any component needed to access the timing belt covers. Remove the mounting bolts on the lower timing belt cover with a socket wrench and disconnect the lower cover. Release the clamp for the engine wire protector on the rear timing belt cover and detach the engine protector. Remove the mounting bolts for the upper timing belt cover and disconnect the upper cover.

2

Disconnect the bolts for the right engine mounting bracket with a socket wrench and remove the bracket. Disconnect the the guide for the timing belt.

3

Turn the crankshaft clockwise to align the timing marks for the timing belt. The groove on the crankshaft pulley must align with the mark on the oil pump. The timing marks on the camshaft pulleys must align with their respective marks on the rear timing belt cover.

4

Remove the bolt for the crankshaft pulley with a socket wrench. Loosen the two bolts for the timing belt tensioner alternately to keep the timing belt aligned. Disconnect the timing belt tensioner and its dust protector. Detach the timing belt from the pulleys.

5

Align the mark on the front of the new timing belt with the dot on the crankshaft pulley. Align the installation marks on the timing belt with the marks on the camshaft pulleys. Install the timing belt onto the crankshaft pulley, water pump pulley, left camshaft pulley, No. 2 idler pulley, right camshaft pulley and No. 1 idler pulley in that order.

6

Press the push rod on the timing belt tensioner into its housing to align the hole in the push rod with the hole in the housing. Place an Allen wrench with a diameter of 0.05 inch into the holes to hold the push rod in place.

7

Attach the dust protector for the timing belt pensioner with a socket wrench and install the tensioner. Tighten the two mounting bolts for the timing belt tensioner alternately, and torque them to 20 foot-lbs. with a torque wrench. Remove the Allen wrench from the holes in the timing belt tensioner.

8

Turn the crankshaft clockwise to align the timing marks if necessary. Replace the guide for the timing belt. Tighten the bolt for the crankshaft pulley to 159 foot-lbs. with a torque wrench. Connect the right mounting bracket for the engine, and tighten its bolts to 21 foot-lbs.

9

Replace the upper cover for the timing belt and tighten its mounting bolts to 74 inch-lbs. with a torque wrench. Connect the engine wire protector to the rear cover of the timing belt and attach its clamp. Install the lower cover for the timing belt and tighten its mounting bolts to 74 inch-lbs. with a torque wrench. Install any remaining components you removed in Step 1 to access the timing belt covers.

Chrysler makes several series of vans under its Dodge brand, including the Caravan, Ram Van and Sprinter. The full-size vans use timing chains, but the Caravan is a minivan that uses a timing belt. A timing belt keeps the crankshaft and camshafts synchronized, just as a timing chain does. Timing belts are quieter than a timing chain, but also wear out at regular intervals. A timing belt typically lasts at least 60,000 miles.

Instructions

1

Disconnect the negative battery cable with a socket wrench. Remove any components needed to access the timing belt in your Chrysler van. A late-model Caravan requires you to remove the right front wheel and splash shield for the engine.

2

Disconnect the accessory drive belts and crankshaft damper. Remove the belt tensioner and pulley assembly for the air compressor. Disconnect the timing belt covers with a socket wrench. Remove the right engine mount and bracket from the engine.

3

Turn the crankshaft clockwise to align the timing mark on the camshaft sprocket with the mark on the oil pump housing. The "UP" mark on the left camshaft sprocket must also align with the "FRONT" mark on the right camshaft sprocket. Loosen the lock bolt on the timing belt tensioner with a socket wrench.

4

Place a 6-millimeter Allen wrench into the opening on top of the pulley for the timing belt tensioner. Turn the top plate on the pulley clockwise with the Allen wrench to remove the tensioner, and remove the timing belt from the sprockets.

5

Place the timing belt tensioner in a soft-jawed vise. Press the plunger into its housing to align the holes on the plunger and housing. Insert a 5/64-inch Allen wrench to hold the plunger in place.

6

Place the new timing belt onto the crankshaft, water pump, idler pulley, right camshaft sprocket, left camshaft sprocket and timing belt tensioner pulley in that order. Turn the left camshaft sprocket counterclockwise to take up the slack in the timing belt.

7

Turn the top plate on the pulley for the timing belt tensioner counterclockwise with a 6-millimeter Allen wrench until the notch on the tensioner aligns with the spring tang. Remove the 5/64-inch Allen wrench from the tensioner plunger.

8

Tighten the lock bolt on the tensioner to 220 inch pounds with a torque wrench. Rotate the crankshaft two full turns and align the timing marks again.

9

Replace the components that you removed in steps one and two to access the timing belt. Attach the negative battery cable with a socket wrench.