Fix It

The first Dodge Rams rolled out of the factory in 1981, and Dodge has continued to improve and redesign its heavy-duty pickup truck ever since. Dodge introduced the current generation of Rams in 2009. The 2010 Ram was available in several two-wheel-drive and four-wheel-drive trims in the 1500, 2500, 3500, 4500 and 5500 weight classes. However, the toe-in specs were the same for all trims of the Ram 1500. Likewise, all other trims of the 2010 Dodge Ram shared the same toe-in specs.

Toe

The toe of a wheel ers to the angle of the wheel in relation to the vehicles centerline. If the front of a wheel is angled inward toward the centerline, then the wheel has toe-in. If the front of a wheel angles outward away from the centerline, then the vehicle has toe-out. Most vehicles are designed for the wheels to toe in slightly. Toe is the most important alignment spec in terms of tire wear. If a wheel has the toe misaligned by just a fraction of a degree, it can significantly reduce the life of a tire. The toe is adjustable on the front ends of all trims of the 2010 Dodge Ram. It is not adjustable on the rear because the Rams come with a fixed rear axle. The specs provided below apply only to the 2010 Dodge Ram and should not be used on other model years, because alignment specs can change from year to year.

The 2010 Ram 1500

The same toe-in specs apply to all two-wheel-drive and four-wheel-drive trims of the 2010 Dodge Ram 1500, regardless of whether the truck came with 17-inch tires or 20-inch tires. The ideal toe-in setting is +0.1 degrees but it can vary by 0.36 degrees in either direction.

All Other Trims and Models of the 2010 Ram

All other trims of the 2010 Dodge Ram, including the Ram 2500, the Ram 3500, the Ram 3500 Heavy Duty Chassis-Cab, the Ram 4500 Heavy Duty Chassis-Cab and the Ram 5500 Heavy Duty Chassis Cab, came with the same toe-in specs. The specs were the same for Box Off and standard trims. The ideal setting for the toe-in is +0.2 degrees but it can range by 0.1 degree in either direction.

The T-5 is a five-speed automotive transmission manufactured by Transmissions Technologies Corporations (TREMEC) for Ford Motor Company. The transmission is used in passenger cars, SUVs and light trucks. It was first introduced in 1981 for use in the AMC Spirit/Concord. The two types of T-5 transmissions are World Class and Non World Class. Today the transmission is used in the Ford Mustang GT. It is also sold as an aftermarket part for use in classic car restoration.

Weight

The weight of the transmission is 75 pounds for both cars and light trucks. The transmission housings are made of die-cast aluminum in order to reduce the total weight.

Gear Ratio

The gear ratio for T-5 car transmissions can range from 2.95-to-1 to 3.75-to-1 for first gear, from 1.94-to-1 to 2.19-to-1 for second gear and from 1.29-to-1 to 1.41-to-1 for third gear. It is 1-to-1 for all models for fourth gear, and ranges from .08-to-1 to 0.72-to-1 for fifth gear and from 2.76-to-1 to 3.53-to-1 in reverse. For light trucks, the gear ratio can range from 3.35-to-1 to 4.03-to-1 for first gear, 1.99-to-1 to 2.37-to-1 for second gear and 1.33-to-1 to 1.49-to-1 for third gear. It is 1-to-1 for all models for fourth gear, and ranges from 72-to-1 to .86-to-1 for fifth gear and 3.71-to-1 to 3.76-to-1 for reverse.

Lower Counter Gears

The lower counter gears for the Non World Class transmissions produced in 1983 spin on cylindrical bearings that are in a straight configuration. These bearings have a thrust washer for support when they are under load. The lower counter gears of the 1985 Word Class transmissions have tapered bearings. These bearings replace the thrust washer of the earlier version.

Synchronizer Rings

Non World Class T-5 transmissions have solid bronze synchronizer rings. These rings are different sizes than the rings in the World Class T-5. On the World Class transmission, the synchronizer rings on the main shaft are fiber-lined steel. This material improved the friction surface of the rings, which slows the gear quickly, allowing for smoother shifts. The fifth gear ring is bronze. From 1990 to 1993, the ring linings on the V8 T-5 were changed to carbon fiber. This improvement in surface friction resulted in higher rpm shifts.

Other Specifications

The World Class T-5 was introduced in 1993. Its maximum horsepower is 450 under non-racing conditions. Based on 100,000 mile usage, the torque rating is 330 foot-pounds.

Ford introduced the Mustang in 1964 and it has since remained one of the best-selling sports cars on the market. The Mustang entered its eighth generation in 1999 and remained basically the same until Ford rolled out the ninth generation in 2005. The 2000 Mustang came in convertible and coupe trims with either a 3.8-liter, V-6 engine or a 4.6-liter, V-8 engine. The bolt-torque specs for the intake manifold were the same for coupes and convertibles with the V-6 engine, regardless of the transmission.

Torque Basics

In general terms, torque is the amount of force applied to twist or turn an object. It is often given in foot-pounds, with the measurement equaling the pounds of force applied at the end of a lever of a given length. For instance, 100 foot-pounds equals 100 pounds of pressure applied to a foot-long wrench. Larry Carley, the Technical Editor for the website "Underhood Service," recommends that bolts should be cleaned and lightly lubricated with clean motor oil before tightening them because any debris on the bolts or in the bolt fixtures could cause additional friction and thus increase the amount of torque necessary for an ideal fitting. It is extremely difficult to gauge torque by touch. Most mechanics use torque wrenches to ensure that the proper amount of torque is applied, as over-tightening a bolt can be just as bad as not tightening a bolt enough and cause the bolt to snap.

Torque Specs for the Upper Intake Manifold

All bolts in the upper intake manifold of the 2000 V-6 Ford Mustang engine must be tightened in three steps. First, tighten each bolt with 53 inch-pounds of torque. Next, tighten each bolt to 71 inch-pounds of torque. Finally, rotate each bolt an additional 90 degrees.

Torque Specs for the Lower Intake Manifold

The bolts in the lower intake manifold of the 2000 V-6 Ford Mustang engine must be tightened in two steps. First, tighten each bolt to 44 inch-pounds of torque. Second, tighten each bolt to 89 inch-pounds of torque. In addition, "The Motor Repair Manual" for 2000 recommends applying beads of silicon gasket sealant to the gasket of the lower intake manifold.

First introduced in 1995, Outback is a crossover automobile with four wheel drive manufactured by Subaru and sold worldwide. All Outback crossovers require periodic adjustment, often erred to as "alignment." The factory specifications for the alignment are the same for all 2000 Outback models. These specifications are given for a vehicle at curb height with one-half tank of fuel.

Camber

Measured in degrees, camber is the outward or inward tilt of the wheel in relation to the center of the vehicle. The Outback camber angle should be the same on both left and right wheels. Camber angles must be +0.20 degrees with the measuring accuracy of 0.30 degrees on the front wheels and -0.35 degrees with the measuring accuracy of 0.45 degrees on the rear wheels.

Caster

Caster is both the rearward and the forward tilt of the steering knuckle from the true vertical. Caster is the measurement in angles that is responsible for directional stability. The Outback caster angle should be the same on both rear and front wheels. The angle must be +2.50 degrees with the maximum allowable difference of 1.0 degree.

Toe

Toe is the difference between the leading and trailing inside edges of the front wheels. Total toe angles on the Outback models must be +0.00 degrees with measuring range of 0.20 degrees. Toe-in specification should be set at 0 mm with maximum allowable difference of 3.0 mm.

A vehicles rear springs are part of the suspension system. A cars suspension must be kept in good working order, or the ride will be bumpier and rougher for passengers. The suspension also keeps the undercarriage from coming into contact with the ground; so when a suspension has been compromised there is a greater risk for "bottoming out" and causing damage to the vehicle. Repair or replacement may involve removing and reinstalling the rear springs.

Parts

1978 or 1979 Corvette rear spring replacement parts can be used for the 1979 suspension Multi-leaf composite springs are the most durable and can be found included in a complete spring replacement kit.

Removal

Removing the springs involves jacking the rear end of the car, compressing the spring and attaching a chain to the spring. Then the link bolt, cushions and retainers are removed before lowering the car back onto the jack stands. The spring is then caully removed and replaced.

Installation & Torque Specs

Once the spring has been returned and the center clamp properly positioned, the mounting bolts can be replaced. They must be tightened to between 55 and 75 foot-pounds of torque. The rest of the parts are then replaced in the order in which they were removed. Then the car can be lowered and tested.

The Mustang has been one of the most recognizable cars in the United States since Ford introduced it in 1964. Ford brought out a new generation of the Mustang in 2005 and abandoned the Fox-body platform that had been used in the Mustang since the 1970s. The 2010 Ford Mustang came in several coupe and convertible trims, but the alignment specs were the same for all trims. The alignment was not adjustable on the rear end of any 2010 Mustang.

Caster

The caster angle is equivalent to the slope of an imaginary line drawn through the upper and lower ball joints of a wheel. The angle is based on zero being a vertical line straight up from the ground. If the top of the slope passes on the side of the line toward the rear of the vehicle, the vehicle has a positive caster. If the top of the slope passes on the side of vertical toward the front of the vehicle, then the vehicle has a negative caster. The ideal setting for the caster angle is +7.1 degrees but it can range by 0.75 degrees in either direction, with a cross tolerance of 0.75 degrees.

Camber

The camber angle of a wheel is based on the way that the wheel leans when viewed from the front of the vehicle. If the top of the wheel leans out, away from the vehicle, then the wheel has a positive camber. If the top of the wheel leans in, toward the vehicle, then the wheel has a negative camber. The ideal camber setting is -0.75 degrees but it can range by 0.75 degrees in either direction, with a cross tolerance of 0.75 degrees.

Toe-in

The toe of a wheel is based on its angle in relation to the centerline of the vehicle. Most vehicles are designed to be slightly pigeon-toed in order to relieve pressure from the steering axis. This is known as toe-in and is measured in positive degrees or inches. The toe on the 2010 Ford Mustang should be set at +0.2 degrees but it can range by 0.2 degrees in either direction.

The Ford Motor Company manufactured the C6 transmission between 1966 and 1996. Its quite similar to the C4 transmission, but it can deal with greater power outputs. It was initially used in trucks and bigger cars that had large engines, but today its primarily used in drag racing cars.

C6 Stock Transmission Specifications

As the name implies, the C6 stock transmission uses a stock torque converter and a stock pan. It has a stall speed of 1,800 rpm and a two-wheel-drive slip yoke for its tail housing, but it doesnt have a hard input shaft. The horsepower of the C6 stock transmission has been measured at 300 horsepower, while the torque has been rated at 250 nM.

C6 Dominator Transmission Specifications

The C6 Dominator transmission is made with a 2F torque converter. Like the C6 Stock, this transmission uses a stock pan and a two-wheel-drive slip yoke, and it doesnt use a hard input shaft. The Dominator has stall speeds between 1,800 rpm and 2,800 rpm, however, and it uses an "R" Super Servo instead of the Stock servo in the Stock model. The Dominator is also a more powerful transmission as it has a horsepower rating of 500 and a torque rating of 450 nM.

C6 Dominator Extreme Transmission Specifications

The Dominator Extreme version of the C6 transmission is more powerful than the Stock or Dominator models as it has a torque rating of 600 nM and a horsepower rating of 650. Unlike the previous C6 models, the Dominator Extreme doesnt have a torque converter but it does use a stock pan. Like the Dominator transmission it uses an "R" Super Servo and like both previous versions it uses a two-wheel-drive slip yoke. The Dominator Extreme is the first of the three transmissions to use a hard input shaft. It has a horsepower rating of 650 and a torque rating of 600 nM.

C6 Mega Dominator Transmission Specifications

The final C6 transmission manifestation was the Mega Dominator model, the most powerful transmission of the four. It uses a 1,200 horsepower, 1,000 torque nM torque converter and it has stall speeds of between 2,600 rpm and 6,000 rpm. Like the Dominator and the Dominator Extreme C6s, it uses an "R" Super Servo. Like the Dominator Extreme, it uses a hard input shaft, but unlike any previous C6 model, it uses a 91 Ford racing cast aluminum pan and a two-wheel-drive, slip yoke or short bolt-on yoke type for its tail housing. Its torque rating is 800 nM and its horsepower rating is 1,000 rpm.

The Ford F-series of full-size pickup trucks is arguably the best-known car series ever produced. According to TruckTrend.com, the Ford F-series has been the best-selling pickup truck in the United States for more than 30 years. The 1994 Ford F-150 certainly doesnt disappoint. The pickup features a rugged chassis powered by large 4.9-liter six-cylinder engine.

Engine and Transmission

Pickups typically come with powerful engines, and the engine of the 1994 Ford F-150 is no exception. The 4.9 liter V6, 145-horsepower engine was standard, though variants with a 5.0-liter V8, 195 hp and

5.8-liter V8, 210 hp were also available. The 145 hp engine had a maximum torque of 265 foot/pounds at 2,000 rpm, which allowed the pickup to tow up to 7,500 pounds of weight. The vehicle came with a standard five-speed manual or an optional four speed automatic transmission.

Physical Measurements and Capacities

The pickup was rather large. The 1994 Ford F-150 was 213.3 inches long, 79 inches wide and 70.8 inches tall. The wheelbase measured 133 inches. The cabin of the pickup had two doors and could provide seats for up to three people. The 1994 Ford F-150 weighed 5,450 pounds.

Fuel

Fuel economy clearly wasnt a priority for the engineers of the 1994 Ford F-150. The truck made a meager 13 mpg in the city and 17 mpg on the highway. However, because the vehicle was equipped with a rather large 19 gallon fuel tank, it had a much more respectable full tank range of 247 miles in the city and 323 miles on the highway.

The Chevrolet 283 was a small-block V-8 engine produced between 1957 and 1967. Said to be the first American-built engine to offer one horsepower per cubic inch of displacement, the 283 was designated for use in the Bel Air, the Impala, the Biscayne and Chevrolet station wagons, and also was an option in Checker Taxis between 1965 and 1967.

General Specs and Tune Up

The Chevrolet 283 displaced 283 cubic inches, with a compression ratio of 8.5:1. It turned out 170 horsepower at 4,200 rpm, and the maximum torque was 275 ft.-lbs. at 2,400 rpm. The normal oil pressure was 35 pounds. The engine had a 3.875-inch bore and a 3-inch stroke. The make of the spark plugs was AC 44, with a gap of .035 inches. When idling, the engine ran at 425 rpm.

Piston, Ring and Valve

The shim thickness of the pistons was .0015 inches and they measure between seven and 18 pounds on a pull scale. The diameter of the wrist pin was 0.9271 inches. The ring end gap compression was 0.01 inches. With mechanical valve lifters, the valve had a hot operating clearance of 0.012 inches for the intake and 0.018 inches for exhaust. With hydraulic valve lifters and one carburetor, the valve had no operating clearance. The valve seat angle measured 46 degrees. The inner valve spring pressure measured 160 pounds at 1.30 inches. The valve stem diameter for the intake measured 0.3336 inch, and the exhaust also measured 0.3336 inch.

Capacity

The Chevrolet 283s cooling system had a capacity of 17.5 quarts without a heater and 18.5 quarts with a heater. Oil capacity was four quarts, plus one for a filter change. The standard capacity for transmission fluid was two pints, but engines with overdrive had a capacity of three pints and automatic transmissions required 3.5 quarts. Four-speed transmissions held 1.5 pints.

Full exhaust systems are made of multiple components including the exhaust manifold, front pipe, catalytic converter, muffler and tailpipe. Exhaust gases travel through piping of varying size before released into the air. Exhaust pipe specifications determine flow, gas velocity and backpressure.

Exhaust Flow

Piping diameter directly relates to exhaust flow. If exhaust gasses are constricted by overly small piping, the engine will work harder to expel exhaust, which causes top-end power loss and poor gas mileage. Large piping allows ample flow, but can reduce pressure within the system, which slows exhaust velocity.

Exhaust Velocity

Power and fuel efficiency will also be lost if a lack of exhaust velocity is caused by overly large piping. Low velocity causes torque loss, which is why "Super Chevy Magazine" said piping specs a bit small are better than excessively large piping. Balance between flow and velocity must be met through piping specifications.

Piping Obstructions

Backpressure is caused when exhaust gasses return to the engines cylinder heads. A manageable amount of backpressure is OK, but too much backpressure causes engine power loss, overheating and a decrease in fuel efficiency. Obstructions or collapsed materials within exhaust piping create excessive backpressure.